Cold+War

Essential Questions EQ1 - Does one nation have the right to intervene in the affairs of another nation?

EQ2 - Is it possible to be objective with only one perspective?

EQ3 - Can the end justify the means?

EQ4 - How can conflicts in one part of the world impact the rest of the world?

[|Potsdam Visual]
=[|Cold War Table of Contents]=

[[file:Cold War Pre-Assessment.docx]]
[|Pre-Assessment]

[|Russian/Soviet National Anthem]
==[|Dr.Seuss "Better Butter Battle"] - View the video or read the book==

a. Why do you think the Zooks and Yooks did not get along? b. What do you think caused this conflict to get worse? c. How do you think this happens with your friends or siblings? d. What do you think the Zooks and Yooks could have done differently to prevent this conflict? e. In the story, each side uses propaganda to make their side seem like the right side. Give some examples from the movie/book. f. What does the story tell you about the Cold War? g. What would be your ending to the story? [|"Better Butter Battle" Questions]

[[file:Better Butter Battle.docx]]
=Defining - Cold War= [|From World War to Cold War] =A quick overview -= media type="custom" key="24062050"

Who's Who of the Cold War - self quiz-
After watching the video, put the names & countries of the leaders according to their faces.



Causes of the Cold War - Defining the Cold War Synopsis
=Cold War Internet Activity Graphic Organizer -[| Follow Link here for Activity] = media type="custom" key="24070910" [|Cold War Match Activity #1] Watch and record your CCQPIs *

[|Beginning of Cold War - Truman] [|Potsdam Conference Image Detective] [|Potsdam Conf Image - text] [|"Iron Curtain" Speech + Propaganda] WARNING: MAP LEGEND IS MIXED UP, BUT THE BOUNDARIES ARE CORRECT! [|Hughes Cold War Video Forum] [|Teacher's Domain - Truman Doctrine] Marshall Plan provided 17 countries with $13.4 billion in aid. This was the scene in Athens Greece in December of 1949 as the millionth ton of aid arrived. How would economic recovery discourage communism? [|Marshall Plan Country Map]

[[http://History%20of%20the%20Cold%20War%20http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war#a0%20During%20World%20War%20II,%20the%20United%20States%20and%20the%20Soviet%20Union%20fought%20together%20as%20allies%20against%20the%20Axis%20powers.%20However,%20the%20relationship%20between%20the%20two%20nations%20was%20a%20tense%20one.%20Americans%20had%20long%20been%20wary%20of%20Soviet%20communism%20and%20concerned%20about%20Russian%20leader%20Joseph%20Stalin%E2%80%99s%20tyrannical,%20blood-thirsty%20rule%20of%20his%20own%20country.%20For%20their%20part,%20the%20Soviets%20resented%20the%20Americans%E2%80%99%20decades-long%20refusal%20to%20treat%20the%20USSR%20as%20a%20legitimate%20part%20of%20the%20international%20community%20as%20well%20as%20their%20delayed%20entry%20into%20World%20War%20II,%20which%20resulted%20in%20the%20deaths%20of%20tens%20of%20millions%20of%20Russians.%20After%20the%20war%20ended,%20these%20grievances%20ripened%20into%20an%20overwhelming%20sense%20of%20mutual%20distrust%20and%20enmity.%20Postwar%20Soviet%20expansionism%20in%20Eastern%20Europe%20fueled%20many%20Americans%E2%80%99%20fears%20of%20a%20Russian%20plan%20to%20control%20the%20world.%20Meanwhile,%20the%20USSR%20came%20to%20resent%20what%20they%20perceived%20as%20American%20officials%E2%80%99%20bellicose%20rhetoric,%20arms%20buildup%20and%20interventionist%20approach%20to%20international%20relations.%20In%20such%20a%20hostile%20atmosphere,%20no%20single%20party%20was%20entirely%20to%20blame%20for%20the%20Cold%20War;%20in%20fact,%20some%20historians%20believe%20it%20was%20inevitable.%20The%20Cold%20War:%20Containment%20By%20the%20time%20World%20War%20II%20ended,%20most%20American%20officials%20agreed%20that%20the%20best%20defense%20against%20the%20Soviet%20threat%20was%20a%20strategy%20called%20%E2%80%9Ccontainment.%E2%80%9D%20In%201946,%20in%20his%20famous%20%E2%80%9CLong%20Telegram,%E2%80%9D%20the%20diplomat%20George%20Kennan%20%281904-2005%29%20explained%20this%20policy:%20The%20Soviet%20Union,%20he%20wrote,%20was%20%E2%80%9Ca%20political%20force%20committed%20fanatically%20to%20the%20belief%20that%20with%20the%20U.S.%20there%20can%20be%20no%20permanent%20modus%20vivendi%20%5Bagreement%20between%20parties%20that%20disagree%5D%E2%80%9D;%20as%20a%20result,%20America%E2%80%99s%20only%20choice%20was%20the%20%E2%80%9Clong-term,%20patient%20but%20firm%20and%20vigilant%20containment%20of%20Russian%20expansive%20tendencies.%E2%80%9D%20President%20Harry%20Truman%281884-1972%29%20agreed.%20%E2%80%9CIt%20must%20be%20the%20policy%20of%20the%20United%20States,%E2%80%9D%20he%20declared%20before%20Congress%20in%201947,%20%E2%80%9Cto%20support%20free%20peoples%20who%20are%20resisting%20attempted%20subjugation%E2%80%A6by%20outside%20pressures.%E2%80%9D%20This%20way%20of%20thinking%20would%20shape%20American%20foreign%20policy%20for%20the%20next%20four%20decades.%20The%20Cold%20War:%20The%20Atomic%20Age%20The%20containment%20strategy%20also%20provided%20the%20rationale%20for%20an%20unprecedented%20arms%20buildup%20in%20the%20United%20States.%20In%201950,%20a%20National%20Security%20Council%20Report%20known%20as%20NSC%E2%80%9368%20had%20echoed%20Truman%E2%80%99s%20recommendation%20that%20the%20country%20use%20military%20force%20to%20%22contain%22%20communist%20expansionism%20anywhere%20it%20seemed%20to%20be%20occurring.%20To%20that%20end,%20the%20report%20called%20for%20a%20four-fold%20increase%20in%20defense%20spending.%20%20%20In%20particular,%20American%20officials%20encouraged%20the%20development%20of%20atomic%20weapons%20like%20the%20ones%20that%20had%20ended%20World%20War%20II.%20Thus%20began%20a%20deadly%20%22arms%20race.%22%20In%201949,%20the%20Soviets%20tested%20an%20atom%20bomb%20of%20their%20own.%20In%20response,%20President%20Truman%20announced%20that%20the%20United%20States%20would%20build%20an%20even%20more%20destructive%20atomic%20weapon:%20the%20hydrogen%20bomb,%20or%20%22superbomb.%22%20Stalin%20followed%20suit.%20%20%20As%20a%20result,%20the%20stakes%20of%20the%20Cold%20War%20were%20perilously%20high.%20The%20first%20H-bomb%20test,%20in%20the%20Eniwetok%20atoll%20in%20the%20Marshall%20Islands,%20showed%20just%20how%20fearsome%20the%20nuclear%20age%20could%20be.%20It%20created%20a%2025-square-mile%20fireball%20that%20vaporized%20an%20island,%20blew%20a%20huge%20hole%20in%20the%20ocean%20floor%20and%20had%20the%20power%20to%20destroy%20half%20of%20Manhattan.%20Subsequent%20American%20and%20Soviet%20tests%20spewed%20poisonous%20radioactive%20waste%20into%20the%20atmosphere.%20%20%20The%20ever-present%20threat%20of%20nuclear%20annihilation%20had%20a%20great%20impact%20on%20American%20domestic%20life%20as%20well.%20People%20built%20bomb%20shelters%20in%20their%20backyards.%20They%20practiced%20attack%20drills%20in%20schools%20and%20other%20public%20places.%20The%201950s%20and1960s%20saw%20an%20epidemic%20of%20popular%20films%20that%20horrified%20moviegoers%20with%20depictions%20of%20nuclear%20devastation%20and%20mutant%20creatures.%20In%20these%20and%20other%20ways,%20the%20Cold%20War%20was%20a%20constant%20presence%20in%20Americans%E2%80%99%20everyday%20lives.%20|History of the Cold War]] [|Poker Game Political Cartoon] Of the Communist Part || 1.Democracy
 * Soviet Union || United States ||
 * 1.Communism
 * Dictatorship* chosen from the top members
 * President & Congress –Free elections ||
 * 2.Command (Closed Market) Economy –Government Makes the decisions || 2.Capitalist (Free Market)Economy –Competition determines the production and cost of goods ||
 * 3.Human Rights – personal freedoms limited || 3.Human Rights – Believes in Personal Freedom ||
 * 4.Warsaw Pact || 4.North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) ||
 * 5.Nuclear stockpiles/Arms Race || 5.[|Nuclear stockpiles]/[|Arms Race] ||
 * 6.Space Race || [|Space Race] ||

[|Network of many great short Cold War videos] [|Vintage Wendy's Commerical] [|Cold War political cartoons & explanations]

Berlin Airlifts - 1949-1949

[|Truman on Airlifts]
**Stalin stated in a speech on February 9, 1946**, "he [Stalin] blamed the last war on 'capitalist monopolies' and warning that, since the same forces still operated, the USSR must treble [triple] the basic materials of national defense such as iron and steel, double coal and oil production, and to delay the manufacture of consumer goods until rearmament was complete." Who are the "capitalist monopolies?" How does this statement enlighten the Soviet viewpoint against the United States? Were the Allies justified in cancelling the shipments of German reparations to the Soviets at the end of World War II? Why did the Soviets rely so heavily on Germany for food and industry?

[|British Berlin Airlift Clip] [|Berlin Airlift w/ Soviet, German, British, American perspectives] [|Image Detective] = Berlin Airlift DBQ = Each day we will review a document and provide analysis and answer the questions that go with each document the final assessment will require a paper dealing with at least one source per section.

= From [|China] to Korea =

Interpreting Maps:
[|Map:Spread of Communism]

=

 * "We have closed our ranks and defeated both domestic and foreign oppressors through the People's War of Liberation and the great people's revolution, and now we are proclaiming the founding of the People's Republic of China." Mao Zedong **=====

 **Focus Question**: What did the Communist victory mean for China and the rest of East Asia? Examine the role China would play in the Cold War struggle between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. media type="custom" key="28052205"  [|Mao's Orders] [|Graphic Organizer] - [|Graphic Org (B) Impact of Communism & Cold War in Asia]

Interpreting Maps:
[|Korea]

**Korean War Reading**
[|Markup-Korean War + 2 column notes] [|Video Summary: Korean War+History of Korea - 20th Century]

[|Korean War Summary - Truman's Viewpoint]

Describe the similarities and differences in the philosophies used by Mao and Truman in the fight for Korea?
Read the excerpt of Truman's June 29, 1950 Press Conference to gain insight into Truman's justification for US presence in Korea [|Korean Press Conference] [|mini bio Harry Truman] [|mini-bio Gen MacArthur]
 * __Resources__**

The story of a young girl's survival in her trek from her home in northern Korea near the Soviet border in the last month of World War II. This autobiography chronicles the hardship of an ethnic Japanese girl living in Korea who escapes the North Korean Communists along with family members and returns to Japan. It was highly recommended by period 6 who had read this book in 6th grade and had also met the author. An excellent read, I could not put it down! Although I do this was a bit mature for my 6th grader to read. [|more info-Korean War]
 * "So Far From the Bamboo Grove"** **Yoko Kawashima Watkins**

==1956 - Year of Crises: [|Suez Canal] & [|Hungary]== Activity: In pairs: Read & Complete an Event Chart on two Cold War events which took place in 1956.
 * 1 person will read/report Suez Canal +Partner will read/report on Hungary=both will be informed of these events
 * summarize- 1956 in the Cold War
 * Report to class
 * [|Hungarian Uprising]
 * [[file:Cold War 1956 events.docx]]

[|Sequence Chart 1] [|Sequence Chart 2] ==== "About the capitalist states, it doesn't depend on you whether or not we exist. If you don't like us, don't accept our invitations, and don't invite us to come and see you. Whether you like it or not, history is on our side. We will bury you." ====

Nikita Khrushchev, November 18, 1956
[|Prague 1968] Czechoslovakia - Here we go again... [|Eastern European side of Iron Curtain]

=Back to Berlin Again!=

media type="custom" key="24340530"

[|JFK Quote] media type="custom" key="28073171"

media type="custom" key="24423926" This is the 2nd video for understanding conditions in Berlin
What was life really like in East Germany? Watch & learn - Jot down CCQPs on the back of your propaganda video sheet. FAQs [|Ronald Reagan "Tear Down this Wall] [|Tom Brokaw - Fall of the Wall] media type="custom" key="26790194" [|Celebrating the F] [|all of the Berlin Wall - 25 yrs. later] [|Berlin Wall Slideshow - 1991]
 * Construction of Wall began - night of August 12, 1961
 * East German Gov't opened Brandenburg Gate - November 9, 1989 - 28 years later
 * 28 miles through East/West Berlin & 75 miles around West Berlin - creating the "island of independence"
 * Approximately 5,000 East Germans crossed the wall to the west in some way or another
 * Approximately 5,000 East Germans were captured trying to escape
 * 191 people were killed while crossing the wall

Vietnam

[|Bio of President Johnson - LBJ]


[|Timeline - Vietnam War] [|UBD Link to NC Consortium]

[|Digital History Link - Everything you wanted to know about Vietnam] media type="custom" key="24469378"

[|PPT Vietnam] [|Booby trap image]


 * The Pentagon Papers - In 1971, the New York Times obtained government documents that linked US military involvement in Vietnam as far back as Truman

media type="custom" key="28900526" [|Walter Cronkite - Tet Offensive] [|Photos: Eyewitness to My Lai] [|My Lai Massacre Video 1] [|My Lai Massacre 2] media type="custom" key="26818814" media type="custom" key="24594050" [|3 min Evacuation of Saigon]

= Bay of Pigs Invasion = Kennedy Administration 1960 response to Cuban Revolution = Cuban Missile Crisis =

==**You are disturbed over Cuba. You say that this disturbs you because it is ninety miles by sea from the coast of the United States of America. But. . . you have placed destructive missile weapons, which you call offensive, in Turkey, literally next to us. . .**== ==**I therefore make this proposal: We are willing to remove from Cuba the means which you regard as offensive...Your representatives will make a declaration to the effect that the United States...will remove its analogous means from Turkey. . . . And after that, persons entrusted by the United Nations Security Council could inspect on the spot the fulfillment of the pledges made. . . .**==

[|Overview of Cuban Missile Crisis - Khan Academy]

media type="custom" key="24520498" [|JFK consults with Eisenhower on Cuban Missile Crisis just before his address to the nation]

[|Choices - Cuban Missile Crisis] [|3 films - Castro, Kennedy, Khrushchev]

[|Cuban Missile Crisis - Soviet & Cuban Perspective]

Brace Yourself for Survival of Thermonuclear Warfare What to do in the event of an attack - Duck & Cover media type="custom" key="24692474" But it's not all funny videos! [|Testing "Mike" - the hydrogen bomb 1952]

[|Legacies of the Cold War]

=Afghanistan -=

The Soviet's version of Vietnam
==

Watch the following video and take notes on Afghanistan using the flow chart of event/ graphic organizer - you will probably need both sides. media type="custom" key="24657510"

[|Map of Soviet Union + satellite countries] =[|Interview - w/ the real Charlie Wilson - Afghanistan: fighting the Soviets]= [|Shorter Version - Charlie Wilson Interview]Reagan Doctrine - " Freedom is not the sole prerogative of a chosen few; it is the universal right of all God's children." "We must not break the faith with those who are risking their lives - on every continent, from Afghanistan to Nicaragua - to defy Soviet-supported aggression and secure rights which have been ours from birth" "Support for freedom fighters is self-defense." Ronald Reagan February 5, 1985 - State of the Union Address

=The End of the Cold War= "Mr. Gorbachev tear down this wall!" [|Ronald Reagan "Tear Down this Wall]

[|Tom Brokaw - Fall of the Wall]

Read & find out how the Cold War ends. [|The End of the Cold War]

media type="custom" key="28915394" media type="custom" key="28915380"

=Unconventional Battlefields media type="custom" key="26647242" =

[|Rocky IV - American Version]

[|Rocky IV - Soviet Version]

1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, NY media type="custom" key="29474707" media type="custom" key="27765153" Korean War Berlin Airlifts Nuclear Arms Race || Truman 1945-1953
 * Soviet Leaders || Conflicts || <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">American Presidents ||
 * Stalin 1925-1953 || Greece & Turkey -Truman Doctrine

**remember that Am presidents are elected** every 4 years in November, but do not take office until January of the following year* || Bay of Pigs Vietnam War Berlin Wall ICBM - Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles Cuban Missiles U2 spy plane Nuclear Arms Race
 * Khrushchev 1955-1964 || Suez Canal Crisis

Space Race Domino Effect || Eisenhower 1953-1961, Kennedy 1961-1963, Lyndon Johnson 1963-1969 || Arms Race Maintains -SALT I Treaty Detente Begins - visit to USSR Space Race Continues Recognition of China 1972 Talks for SALT II -stall Soviet Invasion Afghanistan US Boycotts Moscow Olympics || Johnson same guy as above 1963-1969, [|Nixon] [|Nixon in China]1969-1974, [|Nixon-Brezhnev Tapes] Ford 1974-1977, Carter 1977-1981, Reagan 1 981-1989 || Chernenko 1984-1985 || [|Continued Tension see Arms Race/Space Race] KGB/CIA Spying || Reagan see above [|Reagan Letters to Soviet leaders] this source also contains other valuable links || Bush (41st president) 1989-1993 || [|Newseum. Berlin Wall] Follow the link to a webquest on the Berlin Wall Spend some time on the interactive website that deals with life on both side of the Berlin Wall. Examine the the Cold War through the eyes of Berliners. **Please note that this crisis took place under the Kennedy Administration 1961**
 * [|Brezhnev] 1964-1982 || Vietnam War Escalates
 * Andropov 1982-1984
 * Gorbachev 1985-1991 || Cold War Stand Down || Reagan see above,

[[file:Notes on Rise and Fall of Berlin Wall from Web quest.docx]]
<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Resources: <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Songs: = [|"War" Edwin Starr] = [|"Vietnam Song" Country Joe & Fish] [|"Ballad of the Green Berets" Sgt Sadler]

[|"Eve of Destruction" Barry McGuire]
[|"Agent Orange Song" Country Joe]

[|"Blowin' in the Wind" Bob Dylan]
[|"Ohio" Crosby, Stills, Nash, & Young"] [|"Ohio" Crosby, Stills, Nash, & Young"] [|For What It's Worth" Buffalo Springfield] [|"We Gotta Get Out of this Place" - Eric Burden & the Animals]

[|"Ohio" - Neil Young] <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Books: = "White Tigers" Ben Malcolm - an autobiographical account of the US Army support of North Korean partisans who were the 1st special forces units - striking at the North Korean Communist forces. This is also the subject of a documentary =


 * "So Far From the Bamboo Grove" Yoko Kawashima Watkins**

The story of a young girl's survival in her trek from her home in northern Korea near the Soviet border in the last month of World War II. This autobiography chronicles the hardship of an ethnic Japanese girl living in Korea who escapes the North Korean Communists along with family members and returns to Japan. It was highly recommended by period 6 who had read this book in 6th grade and had also met the author. An excellent read, I could not put it down! Although I do this was a bit mature for my 6th grader to read. =** "If I Die In a Combat Zone ..Put Me in a Box and Ship Me Home" - Tim O'Brien **=
 * An autobiographical account of the author's experience during the Vietnam War - It begins with boot camp and goes all the way to the end of his deployment in Vietnam. It is my opinion that this work gives a much clearer picture to the novice historian regarding the Vietnam War. I would recommend using this book over his more popular work "Things They Carried". **

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;">[|CEPA] <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;">
 * CURRICULUM EMBEDDED PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT (PERFORMANCE TASKS) PT**

Overview: Students will be assigned a country to research this country. Students will determine which of the two superpowers most negatively affected the assigned country and identify details which support this point of view in a report to the UN General Assembly. After hearing the presentations, the UN General Assembly ( their classmates) will decide to award them reparations due to the damage they suffered during the Cold War. **Goal**: To exhibit through presentation of research how a developing nation was impacted by the Cold War (Model UN Skill: how to collaboratively research a country and identify how that country’s perspective is different from the perspective of a US resident) Countries:, Cambodia, Afghanistan, Albania,Bulgaria, Iran, Chile, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Dominican Republic, Mongolia, For Cold War history of European Nations, go here: [] For all countries go here: [] Other websites with brief cold war histories for students to use: The student should research that country’s government website, the US State Department website (www.state.gov), the CIA World Factbook ( []), and UN.org to identify the following: [|BBC links for research] 1) The role of this country in the Cold War and how the superpowers intervened in that country 2) What form of government does it have today? Has that changed since the Cold War ended? 3) What influence remains in that country of either the US or USSR? 4) Describe daily life for the average person in this country using info like: Per capita income, GDP, Dependency Factor, Religion, transnational issues 5) How Americans view this country in comparison to those countries’ views of themselves. The research is done in pairs, and the analysis of this research should be done together. The reports are done individually and can be either presented orally or recorded for the class to view.   =[|Good Outline for Cold War Damages - Latin America]= =[|Cold War Museum]=  <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">[| Iran-Contra]
 * Role**: Ambassador of that country to the UN
 * Audience**: the United States and Russian governments
 * Situation**: You need to convince the UN to force either the US or Russian government to pay reparations for damages done during the Cold War to your country. You must decide which government you are demanding payment from.
 * Product:** a 2-3 minute oral presentation laying out the history of the country was damaged by the Cold War and how that damage still impacts the world today.

Afghanistan

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> Bulgaria <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Cambodia <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Chile <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Czech Republic <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> Dominican Republic <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">El Salvador <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> Hungary <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> Iran <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Laos <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> Mongolia <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> Nicaragua <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> Poland <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> Romania Slovakia

**Footnoting Directions for Position Paper**: = = =We will use an amended form of a MLA Bibliography citation:= = = =**Authors name. (Last name, first name)“Title of Article,” Organization that produced article. URL. Date article was retrieved**= =//*If there is no author listed start with name of article//= = = =Example:= = 1 Dreschsler, Denis. Jutting, Johannes P. “Culture, Gender, and Growth” Vox EU. [] March 7, 2008= =

= Country Research Sheets

**Position Paper Rubric**


[|Peer Edit Guidelines]
 * Super Power** **Organizer**

POSITION PAPER - GERMANY



Thanks LB!